IP v 4 Address (Version 4)
Ajay, E
Ajay, E
TCP/IP provides a unique logical addressing scheme called IP address. It uniquely identifies each device on the internetwork. It is a 32 bit address commonly written as four octets. Each octet have a value ranging from 0-255. Eg:- 10.0.0.1
IP Address
Classes
IP addresses are divided into 5 classes and each ip address contains two
parts. The first portion is for network address and second portion for host
address. The IP classes and network numbers.
A CLASS – 1.0.0.1 to
126.255.255.255 INTERNETWORK
B CLASS – 128.0.0.1 to 191.255.255.255 “
C CLASS – 192.0.0.1 to 223.255.255.255 “
D CLASS – 224.0.0.1 to 239 .255.255.255 MULTICASTING
E CLASS – 240.0.0.1 TO 255.255.255.255 RESEARCH
AND EXPERIMENTS
Class A, B and C are used for
internetwork communication. Class D is reserved for multicasting technology and
Class E for research and experiments. 127 range of ip address are called loop
back address and it is used for checking proper functionality TCP/IP protocol.
SUBNET MASK
Subnet mask is
another 32 bit representation. It is used to identify the network portion of an
ip address. By default the following subnet mask are used.
CLASS A
NETWORK (255)
|
HOST (O)
|
HOST (O)
|
HOST (O)
|
CLASS B
NETWORK (255)
|
NETWORK (255)
|
HOST (0)
|
HOST (0)
|
CLASS C
NETWORK (255)
|
NETWORK (255)
|
NETWORK (255)
|
HOST (0)
|
Note:- All host bits ‘0’ is
network Address
All host bits ‘1’ is Broadcast
Address.
Private and Public IP Address
An intranet is an
internal network that uses internet technology. IP addresses which are used in
intranet are called Private IP address.
To communicate over
an internet a device must have a Public IP address which is provided by IANA
(Internet Assigned Number Authority). They will also provide addresses for
private addresses for private network in each class as follows.
Private Address Range in each Class
Class A 10.0.0.0
– 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0
– 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0
– 192.168.255.255
